collecting_society

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# General

## Object Processing

### Commits

* Web users provide the system with metadata on objects as information basis for the distribution of money

* The system needs to balance the need of web users to change the metadata and the stability of the information basis

* Artists, Releases, Creations have to be committed by the web users as a conscious act

    * No data is published before a commit

    * Web users are able to distinguish public/private fields after a commit

    * A commit of a set of objects (all fields, public fields) is saved as rendered text for evidence

* Creations do not need to have content to be committable

* Content with a relation to a Creation is autocommitted, when the creation is committed

* Before a commit, web users may edit the object freely

* Committing an object implies committing all objects down the hierarchy (see [[Workflows#Licenser-Cascades|Cascades]])

* After a commit, web users may

    * edit only data not relevant for the distribution or object to frequent changes:

        * adding/removing members of an Artist

        * adding a Release to a Creation

        * changing Release metadata

    * trigger a dispute request for changing relevant data:

        * deleting an object (implies creation of duplicate for references)

        * adding/removing a contributor to a Creation

        * adding/removing a original/derivative Creation

        * adding/removing licenses to Releases of Creations

        * adding/removing the Content assigned to a Creation

        * removing a Release from a Creation

* After a commit, administrators may

    * revise the object(s)

    * reject the object(s)

* A successful claim dispute (see [[Workflows#Commit]]) causes the object to be uncommitted

* Uncommitted objects should be recommitted again as soon as possible by the web user

    * if the artist name or creation title is changed on recommit, all admins of referencing objects are informed via email/webinterface

    * if a referenced object is deleted before recommit, a duplicate for all references is created and referenced instead

* Created / Uncommitted objects

    * are promoted on the web user dashboard

    * excluded from searches (via add/list/etc), except

        * web users can add own uncommitted objects to other own uncommitted objects

        * web users can see but not add own uncommitted objects to other committed objects

### Disputes

* A dispute is the process of mediation in a conflict between web users

* A dispute has a

    * code: Sequence

    * state: Selection (requested, assigned, resolved)

    * case: Selection (list of usecases?)

    * object: Reference (to the disputed objects)

    * assignee: User

    * request_party: Party

    * request_text: Text (user statement)

    * request_time: DateTime

    * resolved_time: DateTime

    * comments: Comment (many comments by administrators)

* A dispute comment has a

    * dispute: Dispute

    * text: Text

    * time: DateTime

* A dispute may be triggered by a web user on several occasions

    * The web user [[Specification#Claims|claims]] ownership of an already claimed object

    * The web user claims authorship of a Content marked as a duplicate

    * The web user requests a change/deletion of [[Specification#Commits|commited]] content

* A dispute can be requested, assigned and resolved (see [[Workflows#Dispute]])

* A dispute is requested via a dispute form including

    * The disputed object

    * The issue category

    * The user motivation

* A dispute is handled by an assignee

* The assignee can add many comments

* The assignee can mark the dispute as resolved

# Licensing

## Tariff System

* A creation can have several tariff categories represented by different collecting societies

## Collection

## Allocation

    * Invoice

## Declaration

## Utilisation

* Tariff

* UtilisationCreationList ([[Usecases#Examples]])

* UtilisationIndicator (Base, Relevance, Adjustments)

* ContextIndicator

* ...

## Indicators

* UtilisationIndicator

* ContextIndicators (for each tariff)

# Repertoire

## Rights Management

* A rightsholder

    * must hold a right

        * Copyright

        * Ancillary Copyright

    * must have an object to which the right belongs

        * Creation

        * Release

    * must have a contribution depending on the object and right

        * Creation

            * Copyright

                * Lyrics

                * Composition

            * Ancillary Copyright:

                * Instrument

                * Production

                * Mixing

                * Mastering

        * Release

            * Copyright

                * Artwork

                * Text

                * Layout

            * Ancillary Copyright

                * Production

                * Mixing

                * Mastering

    * may have a start and end date

    * may be restricted to a territory

    * may have a successor

    * may be represented by a collecting society

    * may have a list of instruments for Creation -> Ancillary Copyright -> Instrument

* Rightsholder subjects for creations and releases are Artists

## Object processing

### Claims

* Artist, Releases, and Creations are unclaimed, offered or claimed

* Unclaimed objects are objects, which don't belong to a web user

* Offered objects are objects, which might belong to a web user and are offered to be claimed by the web user (e.g. on registration)

* Claimed objects are objects, which "belong" to at least one web user

* Web users can (see [[Workflows#Claim]]) claim

    * unclaimed and offered objects in general

    * a solo artist for the current web user

    * a group artist for a solo artist

    * a compilation release for a solo artist (role: producer)

    * a split/artist release for an artist

    * a creation for an artist

* A claim implies a request for admin rights, where applicable

* Revised objects are visually promoted on the object list/details

* Unclaiming/Claiming/Revising an object implies unclaiming/claiming/revising all objects down the hierarchy (see [[Workflows#Creative-Cascades|Cascades]])

* Claiming an unclaimed object results in an uncommitted object

* Claiming a claimed object

    * results in a [[Specification#Disputes|dispute]]

    * may result in in an uncommitted object, if the disputing party proves to be right

### Foreign objects

* During object creation, a web user may create several new, [[Specification#Claims|unclaimed]] foreign objects

* When a web user creates a new Artist, he may create many member Artists specified by a name and an email

* When a web user creates a new Creation, he may create

    * many contributor Artists specified by group (yes/no), a name and an email

    * many original/derivative Creations specified by the creation and the artist name, resulting in

        * a new/referenced Artist object: artist name

        * a new Creation object: Artist

    * many track Creations specified by the creation and the artist name, resulting in

        * a new/referenced Artist object: artist name

        * a new Creation object: Artist

* Foreign objects are auto [[Specification#Commits|commited]]

* Foreign objects may be added by others

    * resulting in a duplicate for information separation

    * referencing the duplicated foreign object for deduplication

* Foreign objects are editable

    * by the web user, which created the foreign object, if

        * the object was created by the web user

        * the object is not [[Specification#Claims|claimed]]

        * the object was not part of a distribution, yet

    * by the object admin of the object, which the foreign object was created for

## File Processing

### Intermediate storage for archive

* Files are stored on an intermediate file server

* For every stage of a file there is a corresponding folder `STAGE`

* For each change of processing state, all files are moved into the next `STAGE` folder

* For each folder `STAGE` there is a folder per `USER`

    * Folderstructure for optimized filesystemaccess

    * Semantic information for manual administrative interventions

* The filenames of the files are

    * the `HASH` of the filename for temporary uploads

    * the `UUID` of the content in the database for all other stages

* For each file `[UUID|HASH]` there is a file `[UUID|HASH].checksums`

    * Content: Checksums for each single upload chunk

    * Format: CSV (begin, end, algorithm, checksum)

* For each file `[UUID|HASH]` there is a file `UUID.checksum`

    * Content: Checksum of the whole file

    * Format: Plain text

* The full syntax for a file is

    * `./STAGE/USER/UUID(.checksum(s))`

    * `./temporary/USER/HASH(.checksum(s))`

* Examples of file paths

    * `./temporary/4/82d5582443e9f8d35d3ec798662255e46e9e8138c290b626a74a3bee9382d430`

    * `./temporary/4/82d5582443e9f8d35d3ec798662255e46e9e8138c290b626a74a3bee9382d430.checksums`

    * `./uploaded/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e`

    * `./uploaded/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e.checksums`

    * `./previewed/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e`

    * `./checksummed/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e`

    * `./checksummed/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e.checksum`

    * `./checksummed/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e.checksums`

    * `./fingerprinted/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e`

    * `./dropped/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e`

    * `./rejected/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e`

### Permanent storage for user content

* User content is stored on a permanent file server

* For every content type of a file there is a corresponding folder `CONTENTYPE` (e.g. 'previews')

* For each folder `CONTENTYPE` there is a folder per `USER`

    * Folderstructure for optimized filesystemaccess

    * Semantic information for manual administrative interventions

* The filenames of the files are

    * the `UUID` of the content in the database

* The full syntax for a file is

    * `./CONTENTTYPE/USER/UUID`

* Examples of file paths

    * `./previews/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e`

    * `./excerpts/4/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e`

### Stages

* For an overview of the workflow, see [[Workflows#File-Processing|Workflow]]

* Each stage of file processing results in a corresponding processing state

    1. Upload *(uploaded)*

    2. Process

        * Preview *(previewed)*

        * Checksum *(checksummed)*

        * Fingerprint *(fingerprinted)*

    5. Drop *(dropped)*

    6. Archive *(archived)*

* There is a special state for user requested deletions *(tobedeleted)*

* Before a file is being processed at any stage, a file <UUID>.lock will be created to signal other processes to skip the file. The lockfile will be deleted after the file <UUID> has been moved to the next stage folder.

#### Upload a file

* Users are allowed to upload content only, if it belongs to them

* Upload of a file in chunks

    * The chunk size is 1MiB (1024*1024 Byte)

    * The chunk position is given by the header `Content-Range` (chunk start, chunk end, total size)

    * A HASH of the user given filename is used as temporary filename

    * The file is stored in `./storage/temporary/USER/HASH`

* For each uploaded chunk

    * A checksum of the chunk is calculated, while the chunk is still in RAM

    * The checksum is appended to `./storage/temporary/USER/HASH.checksums` (CSV: begin, end, algorithm, checksum)

    * The database is queried for a duplicate of the checksum for early abuse detection

        * The chunk checksum collisions are tracked in the user session

        * Certain checksums are whitelisted (e.g. silence in different formats with/without headers)

        * Above a configurable threshold (e.g. 150), the user upload is restricted temporarily

        * The threshold violations are tracked in the database

    * The chunk is appended to `./storage/temporary/USER/HASH`

* When the upload is finished

    * A Uuid is generated

    * If the validation of the fileextension or mimetype fails, further processing is aborted

        * The files are moved to `./storage/rejected/USER/UUID(.checksums)`

        * The Content is saved to the database (processing state: rejected, rejection reason: format_error, path)

    * The files are moved to `./storage/uploaded/USER/UUID(.checksums)`

    * The Content is saved to the database (processing state: uploaded, path, storage_hostname)

    * The Checksums are saved to the database

#### Create a preview

* For each file in `./storage/uploaded`

    * The file is locked during processing

    * If the associated Content (processing state, processing hostname, storage hostname) is not valid, further processing is aborted

        * The files are moved to `./storage/unknown/(USER/)UUID(.checksums)`

        * The Content is updated, if possible (processing state: unkown, path)

    * An excerpt for analysis and statistics is taken and stored in `./content/excerpt/UUID[1]/UUID[2]/UUID`

        * Lenght: 60 seconds out of the middle of the file

        * Quality: Minimum for fingerprint recognition (11025 Hz, 16 bit, mono)

    * A preview is created and stored in `./content/previews/UUID[1]/UUID[2]/UUID`

        * Quality: Minimum for acceptable user experience (12bit, mono, 16kHz, ogg)

        * Configuration: fade in, fade out, segment interval, segment length, segment crossfade

    * If preview or excerpt creation fails, further processing is aborted

        * The files are moved to `./storage/rejected/USER/UUID(.checksums)`

        * The Content is rejected (rejection reason: format_error, path)

    * The files are moved to `./storage/previewed/USER/UUID(.checksums)`

    * The audio properties are saved to the database (length, channels, sample rate, sample width)

    * The Content is updated (processing state: previewed, path)

#### Calculate a checksum

* For each file in `./storage/previewed`

    * The file is locked during processing

    * If the associated Content (processing state, processing hostname, storage hostname) is not valid, further processing is aborted

        * The files are moved to `./storage/unknown/(USER/)UUID(.checksums)`

        * The Content is updated, if possible (processing state: unkown, path)

    * Checksums for each chunk of 1MiB (1024*1024 Byte) are calculated and saved to the database, if not present

    * A checksum for the whole file is calculated and stored in `./storage/previewed/USER/UUID.checksum`

    * If the checksum is already present in the database, further processing is aborted

        * The preview and excerpt is deleted

        * The files are moved to `./storage/rejected/USER/UUID(.checksum(s))`

        * The Content is rejected (rejection reason: checksum_collision, duplicate of: Content, path)

    * The files are moved to `./storage/checksummed/USER/UUID(.checksum(s))`

    * The Checksum is saved to the database

    * The Content is updated (processing state: checksummed, path)

#### Calculate a fingerprint

* For each file in `./storage/checksummed`

    * The file is locked during processing

    * If the associated Content (processing state, processing hostname, storage hostname) is not valid, further processing is aborted

        * The files are moved to `./storage/unknown/(USER/)UUID(.checksums)`

        * The Content is updated, if possible (processing state: unkown, path)

    * The fingerprint is created

    * If the fingerprint is already present in the database, further processing is aborted

        * The preview and excerpt is deleted

        * The files are moved to `./storage/rejected/USER/UUID(.checksum(s))`

        * The Content is rejected (rejection reason: fingerprint_collision, duplicate of: Content, path)

    * The fingerprint is ingested into the database (primary key: Content Uuid)

    * A FingerprintLog is saved to the database (timestamp, user, algorithm, version)

    * The files are moved to `./storage/fingerprinted/USER/UUID(.checksum(s))`

    * The Content is updated (processing state: fingerprinted, path)

#### Drop a file

* For each file in `./storage/fingerprinted`

    * The file is locked during processing

    * If the associated Content (processing state, processing hostname, storage hostname) is not valid, further processing is aborted

        * The files are moved to `./storage/unknown/(USER/)UUID(.checksums)`

        * The Content is updated, if possible (processing state: unkown, path)

    * The files are moved to `./storage/dropped/USER/UUID(.checksum(s))`

    * The Content is updated (processing state: dropped, path)

#### Archive a file

* For further details, see

    * [[Specification#Archiving-of-the-files|Archiving of the files]]

    * [[Specification#Orchestration-of-the-archiving|Orchestration of the archiving]]

* For each file in `./storage/dropped`

    * The file is locked during processing

    * If the associated Content (processing state, processing hostname, storage hostname) is not valid, further processing is aborted

        * The files are moved to `./storage/unknown/(USER/)UUID(.checksum(s))`

        * The Content is updated, if possible (processing state: unkown)

    * The files are moved to `./storage/dropped.closed/UUID(.checksum(s))`

    * The Storehouse target `LOCATION`s are copied from `./storage/targets/` to `./storage/dropped.closed.targets/`

    * Until there is no `LOCATION` in `./storage/dropped.closed.targets/` left

        * Until the checksums of the whole files are valid on the target machine

            * The files `UUID(.checksum(s))` in `./storage/dropped.closed/` are copied to `LOCATION:./UUID[1]/UUID[2]/`

        * The target location `./storage/dropped.closed.targets/LOCATION` is deleted

    * The target location folder `./storage/dropped.closed.targets/` is deleted

    * The Content is updated (processing state: archived, archive: Archive, path)

#### Delete a file

* A user may request the deletion of uncommited Content

* A corresponding files might be only deleted, if the content is in the state 'uploaded' or 'rejected'

* Further the request for the deletion needs to trigger the deletion of

     * the Content object

     * the preview and excerpt file

     * the entry in the echoprint server referencing the deleted Content object (maybe decentralized)

## Archiving

### Objects

#### Archiving

* The archiving process is coordinated via objects in the Database shown here [[Databasemodels#Archiving|as diagram]]

    * Physical: [[Specification#Storehouse|Storehouse]], [[Specification#Harddisk|Harddisk]], [[Specification#Filesystem|Filesystem]], [[Specification#Content|Content]]

    * Logical: [[Specification#HarddiskLabel|HarddiskLabel]], [[Specification#FilesystemLabel|FilesystemLabel]]

    * Integrity: [[Specification#Checksum|Checksum]], [[Specification#HarddiskTest|HarddiskTest]]

* The archiving objects are administered via tryton client and [[Scripts]]

#### Storehouse

Physical storage location

* has a code

* has an admin user

* may have a detailed description

* may have many Harddisks

#### Harddisk

Physical harddisks

* has uuids (host, harddisk)

* has checksums (harddisk)

* has a HarddiskLabel

* has a Storehouse

* has a version (for Harddisks with the same HarddiskLabel per Storehouse)

* has a closed state

* has a on-/offline state

* has an usage state

* has a creator (tryton user)

* has a function to generate a label sticker

* may have a local position (e.g. "Shelf1")

* may have many Filesystems

* may have many HarddiskTests

* may have a health state (result of the tests)

#### Filesystem

Filesystems on a harddisk

* has uuids (partition, raid, raid sub, crypto, lvm, filesystem)

* has checksums (partition, raid, raid sub, crypto, lvm, filesystem)

* has an FilesystemLabel

* has a Harddisk

* has a closed state

* has partitioning information (partition number)

* has raid information (raid type, raid number, raid total)

#### Content

Contents on a filesystem

* has a file

* may have one FilesystemLabel

#### HarddiskLabel

Label for Harddisks containing the same Filesystems

* has a code

* may have many Harddisks

#### FilesystemLabel

Label for Filesystems containing the same Contents

* has a code

* may have many Filesystems

* may have many Contents

#### Checksum

Checksum, e.g. sha256

* has a timestamp

* has a begin (first Byte)

* has an end (last Byte)

* has an algorithm

#### HarddiskTest

Integrity tests of harddisks

* has a timestamp

* has a user, which performed the test

* has a health state (sane + error for each checksum of Harddisk and Filesystem)

### Identification with uuids

* A uuid is a Universally Unique Identifier

* Harddisks, Filesystems and Content are identified with uuids

* A Harddisk is identified with a combination of the uuids

    * Host

    * Harddisk

* A Filesystem is identified with with a combination of the uuids

    * Partition

    * Raid

    * Raid Sub

    * Crypto

    * LVM

    * Filesystem

* The uuids of a Harddisk and a contained Filesystem are strictly hierarchical:

    * Host > Harddisk > Partition > Raid > Raid Sub > Crypto > LVM > Filesystem

* A Content is identified with exactly one uuid

### Integrity tests with checksums

* When a Harddisk is finalized, the follwing Checksums are saved into the database

    * Checksum of the Harddisk: Harddisk

    * Checksums of the Filesystem: Partition, Raid, Raid Sub, Crypto, LVM, Filesystem

* For each Content the following Checksums are saved to database

    * Checksum for the whole file

    * Checksums for each upload chunk

* All checksums are additionally saved on the harddisk as second indepentend source

    * Harddisk/Filesystem: on a metadata partition

    * File/Chunks: on the filesystem

* A checksum of the metadata partition is saved only on the harddisk

* Regularly schedulled (e.g. biannual) integrity tests ensure the logterm integrity of all Harddisks

    * For each test

        * Check of uuids

        * Check of checksum of metadata partition

        * Activation of crypto and raid

        * Check of checksums of filesystems /dev/disk/by-uuid/...

        * On error:

            * Feedback Admin

            * Write HarddiskTest (state: error_filesystem)

            * Check of Checksumms of all files

        * Write HarddiskTest (state: sane)

    * An error might be tracked down to the resolution of the uploads chunks, if neccessary

### Archiving of the files

* The files associated with a Content are stored on a filesystem

* Each file is named after the Content Uuid: `UUID`

* Each file is associated with two other files by convention:

    * `UUID.checksum`: checksum of the whole file

    * `UUID.checksums`: checksums of all upload chunks

* Each file is stored in the folder `./UUID[0]/UUID[1]/`

    * Folderstructure for optimized filesystemaccess

    * No semantic information (e.g. USER) to avoid the need for corrections

* The full syntax for a file is

    * `./UUID[0]/UUID[1]/UUID(.checksum(s))`

* Examples of file paths

    * `./3/5/35f0c169-6594-4bf3-b285-451d2aa8c61e`

### Orchestration of the archiving

* Files on an [[Specification#Intermediate-storage-for-archive|intermediate storage]] may be archived in many storehouses

* The URLs to the storehouse machines are stored in STOREHOUSECODE target files

* The mappings of all intermediate storages to storehouses are administered on an central orchestration machine

    * Syntax: `./STORAGE/STOREHOUSECODE`

    * Example: `./storage001/DÜ1`

* The mapping of a single intermediate storage to storehouses are mirrored to this intermediate storage

    * Syntax: `./storage/targets/STOREHOUSECODE`

    * Example: `./storage/targets/DÜ1`

* The files on the intermediate storage are synchronized with the files on the orchestration machine for orchestration

### Human readable label sticker

* For each Harddisk, a label sticker may be generated

* Header: `PURPOSE-STOREHOUSECODE-CONTAINERLABELCODE (RAIDTYPE: RAIDNUMBER/RAIDTOTAL)`

    * `PURPOSE`: "UCR" ("User Content Repertoire")

    * `STOREHOUSECODE`: Code of the Storehouse, e.g. "DÜ1" for the first storehouse in Düsseldorf

    * `CONTAINERLABELCODE`: Incremental, padded to 5 digits, e.g. 00001

    * `RAIDTYPE`: Typ of the raid

    * `RAIDNUMBER`: number of the harddisk in the raid

    * `RAIDTOTAL`: total number of harddisks in the raid

* Details: List of `ARCHIVELABELCODE`s

    * `ARCHIVELABELCODE`: Label of the Archive

# Sort

* Only more liberal licenses should be allowed.